Nicotine, a compound mostly located in the plants with the Solanaceae family, can be an alkaloid which is found accumulated in the leaves of the plants, though the biosynthesis of this chemical occur in the roots with the plants. Nicotine is amongst the major components of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) which is the real reason for their addiction in humans due to the psychoactive nature.
The follow are 10 interesting info about how much nicotine is in a Cegarette.
1. Etymology
The name nicotine originates from the scientific name with the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name with the tobacco plant is itself named french ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 for its use within medicinal purposes.
2. Extraction
Nicotine was obtained from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled it a poison. In fact nicotine can be an antiherbivore chemical, which in turn causes addiction when consumed in moderateness (1mg or fewer) and death if consumed high amounts (30mg-60mg).
3. Chemistry
Nicotine can be an alkaloid with all the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It has a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is a hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water being a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule carries a half time of 2 hours and its particular metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine can be optically active and possesses two enantiomeric forms.
4. Nicotine as an insecticide
As already said nicotine can be an antiherbivore drug which if consumed considerable amounts is fatal one’s forms. That’s the reason nicotine laden tobacco was used as an insecticide and before the globe War II. But after the WWII its usage drastically lowered because of the use of cheap synthetic insecticides for readily available than tobacco and fewer bad for mammals. However in the current times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the interest with the farmers in the using tobacco being a pesticide as an alternate to traps.
5. Nicotine addiction
Our central nervous system has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds a number of of the and boosts the volume of several neurotransmitters. Among these neurotransmitters dopamine is one such neurotransmitter that is significantly increased during nicotine use which is accountable for the sense of euphoria and relaxation due to the use of tobacco (nicotine) products.
6. Psychoactive effects of nicotine
Nicotine is a psychoactive substance as it’s mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. Within the body nicotine is metabolised in the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine results in the production of glucose from the liver and epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. This sudden discharge of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria after the consumption of nicotine. After the initial euphoria nicotine contributes to relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by taking care of different neurotransmitters with the body. Nicotine boasts pain relieving properties.
7. Unwanted effects of nicotine intake
Tough it appears as though nicotine is a great substance to improve one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are more negative elements of nicotine intake than positive. Among these the most common negative effects of nicotine intake are an elevated likelihood of hypertension and heart attacks. It can be sad that each cigarette which a man smokes reduces his expected life by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been discovered to get a new working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence over time nicotine users are prone to amnesia and other associated diseases.
8. Toxicity
Nicotine is considered to be more toxic than most popular drugs like heroin and cocaine. More harm is done by nicotine for the body system because it’s readily absorbed by the bloodstream and reaches the brain over the lungs within 7 seconds of its intake either orally or as the nicotine patch.
9. Use of nicotine in medical science
Though nicotine isn’t a doctor’s best friend, it is yet not his worst foe. Nicotine famous for its pain relieving properties is being researched upon to use being a potential pain killer minus its side effects. Nicotine has additionally been found to cut back preeclampsia, allergic asthma; and others by becoming an anti-inflammatory agent.
10. Nicotine in literature
Nicotine has become personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics that has been created as an element of anti-nicotine drive to train children in regards to the ill-effects of nicotine intake of any type.
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